Agricultural In India

                                                      

                        AGRICULTURE

The term agriculture is derived from two line words ager or agaric means soil and culture meaning cultivation agriculture is a broad term encompassing all aspect of crop production, livestock farming, fisheries, forestry etc.

·         Agriculture is defined as an art, science and business of producing crop and life stock for economic purposes.

·         The word agriculture thus may be expcinded as activities on the ground for raising intended crops for uplifting livelihood through the use of rechargeable energies.

·         Silvia culture is the art of cultivating forest trees.

·         Sericulture is rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk.

·         Agriculture is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans.

·         Olericulture is the science of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody (herbaceous) plants for food.

·         Viticulture is the science, production and study of grapes.

·         Floriculture is a discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and or namental plants for garden.

·         Arboriculture is the cultivation, management and study of individual trees, shrubs, vines and other perennial woody plants.

·         Penology is a branch of horticulture which focuses on the cultivation, production, harvest, and storage of fruit etc.

·         Aeroponics is the process of growing plants, in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium.

·         Hydroponics is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.

·         Terrestial plants may also be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrients solution only or in an inert medium, such as perlite, gravel, mineral, wool, expanded clay or coconut husk.

 

Scope and Importance of Agriculture

·         With a 17.2 percent contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), agriculture provides, livelihood support to an about two thirds of country’s population.

·         The sector provides employment to 56.7 percent of country’s work force and is the single largest private sector occupation.

·         Agriculture accounts for about 14.7 percent of the total expert earnings and provides raw material to large number of industries, (textiles, silk, sugar, rice, flour, mills, milk products.)

·         The agriculture acts as a bulwark in maintaining food security and in the process, national security as well.

·         The allied sectors like horticulture, animal husbandry, dairy and fisheries, have an important role in improving the overall economic conditions and health and nutrition of the rural areas.

 

Problem of Indian Agriculture-

·         Fragmentation of land holding.

·         Existence of small and marginal farmers.

·         Regional variation

·         Dependence of seasonal rainfall

·         Low productive of land

·         Increasing of disguised unemployment

·         Disorder in marketing or agriculture products.

·         Weak land reformation.